Social Hierarchy and Male Domination
Writ by Jesse Lee
https://Oregonleatherboy.blogspot.com
https://smokepimp.space
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Masculine ideology, masculine norms, and gender-role conflict
Masculine ideology, masculine norms, and gender-role conflict are all social constructs that have been developed over time to define what it means to be a man in society. These constructs are often influenced by:
cultural
social
and historical factors
and can have a significant impact on men's mental health and well-being.
Masculine ideology refers to the beliefs and values that are associated with being a man in society. These beliefs often include the idea that men should be:
strong
independent
Stoic
and self-reliant.
Masculine norms refer to the behaviors and attitudes that are expected of men based on these beliefs. These norms can include things like:
aggression
competitiveness
perpuating male gaze
and emotional restraint.
Gender-role conflict refers to the psychological stress that can arise when there is a discrepancy between a man's personal values and the expectations placed on him by society. This conflict can manifest in a variety of ways, including:
anxiety
depression
and relationship problems.
Research has shown that there is a correlation between adherence to masculine norms and gender-role conflict with negative outcomes such as:
increased risk-taking behaviors
substance abuse
poor mental health outcomes
and decreased help-seeking behavior among men.
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Causation and Correlation:
The causation of social hierarchy and male domination is complex and multifaceted. Some scholars argue that these phenomena are rooted in biological differences between men and women, while others point to cultural and historical factors as the primary causes.
There is also debate about the correlation between social hierarchy and male domination. Some studies suggest that societies with greater levels of social stratification tend to be more patriarchal, while others find no significant relationship between the two.
Correlation between gender hierarchy and various social outcomes has been well-documented. For example, countries with higher levels of gender inequality tend to have:
lower levels of economic development
higher rates of violence against women
and lower levels of political representation for women
These correlations suggest that reducing gender inequality is not only a matter of fairness but also a key factor in promoting social progress.
Anatomical Location:
The anatomical location of human males and females has also been linked to social hierarchy and male domination. For example, some scholars argue that the physical strength and size of males have historically given them an advantage in:
hunting
warfare
and other activities that require physical prowess.
This has led to the development of patriarchal societies in which men hold more power and influence than women.
Differences in anatomical location between genders can also play a role in the perpetuation of gender hierarchy. Men have historically held positions of power in part because they are physically stronger than women. This physical difference has been used to justify the exclusion of women from certain roles and activities, such as combat or manual labor.
Moreover, research has also shown that there are differences in how men experience gender-role conflict based on their anatomical location. For example, men who identify as gay or bisexual may experience more conflict due to societal expectations around masculinity and sexuality.
However, it is important to note that anatomical differences do not necessarily determine gender roles or capabilities. Women have demonstrated their ability to excel in a wide range of fields traditionally dominated by men, including:
politics
science
and business.
Furthermore, there is significant variation within genders in terms of physical strength and other characteristics.
In conclusion, gender hierarchy is a complex phenomenon with deep roots in history and culture. While anatomical differences may contribute to the perpetuation of gender inequality, they do not determine one's abilities or potential. Addressing gender inequality requires a multifaceted approach that addresses both cultural norms and institutional policies.
As well, masculine ideology, masculine norms, and gender-role conflict are complex constructs that have a significant impact on men's mental health and well-being. Understanding these constructs is essential for developing effective interventions to support men's health.
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Authoritative Reference :
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
World Economic Forum (WEF)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Connell, R.W. "Gender." International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Print).
Fausto-Sterling, Anne. "The Biological Connection: An Ecofeminist Perspective." Feminist Theory Reader: Local & Global Perspectives (Print).
Lorber, Judith. "Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics." Gender Inequality: A Comparative Study of Discrimination and Participation (Print).
Macionis, John J., and Linda M. Gerber. Sociology (Print).
Wood, Julia T. Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture (Print).
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494206/
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8743884/
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https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/Chap1.pdf
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440537/
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440537/
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Masculinity ideologies, the socially constructed belief and value systems that stipulate standards against which men are judged. (Levant & Richmond, 2016), form ...
https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/men-men0000387.pdf
Understanding the gendered self: Implications from EI Theory, EI Self ...
Masculine ideology is related conceptually to, and strongly correlated with, gender role conflict (Levant, 1998; Levant et al., 2003).
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